Abstrakt
The paper deals with the problem whether the consumer law should be regulated in the Polish prospective civil code and how. Although it is very hard to estimate now if and when the code may be prepared, the author tries to indicate some basic points that have to be taken into account while drafting the consumer provisions in an eventual code. She points out that before we start the discussion on details, first we have to settle some fundamental issues like: whom we want to protect and what values we want to preserve. Moreover we have to take into account the achievements of the new technologies, like augmented reality, Internet of Things, or CRM. The author is rather critical on the existing legal definition of consumer, shows its shortcomings and suggests the wider discussion on replacing the notion of the consumer by a general notion of a weaker party.
Bibliografia
Alexandridou E.: The Greek Consumer Law (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007,
s. 219.
Antoniolli L.: The Italian Consumer Code: a Milestone or a Monument? (w:) The future of European Contract Law, ed. K. Boele-Woelki, Kluwer 2007, s. 214?215.
Augenhofer S.: A European Civil Code ? for Whom and What Should it Include? Reflections on the Scope of Application of a Future European Legal Instrument, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 203?205.
Beale H.: A Common European Sales Law (CESL) for Business-to-Business Contracts (w:) The Making of European Private Law: Why. How, What, Who, ed. L. Moccia, Munich 2013, s. 68.
Cherednychenko O.: Public regulation, Contract Law, and the Protection of the Weaker Party: Some Lessons from the Field of Financial Services, European Review of Private Law 2014, nr 5, s. 665?668.
Cristas A.: Green Paper on Policy Options for Progress Towards a European Contract Law for Consumers and Businesses. What do we want?, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 329?332.
de Vries S.: The Court of Justice?s ?Paradigm Consumer? in EU Free Movement Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 408?413.
Grosheide F.: Reflections on the Protection of the Weak Party in Dutch and the EU Contract Law (w:) The future of European Contract Law The future of European Contract Law, ed. K. Boele-Woelki, Kluwer 2007.
Grundmann S.: European Contract Law(s) of What Colour, European Review of Contract Law 2005, s. 184.
Grundmann S.: Targeted Consumer Protection (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 226.
Grundmann (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 16?17.
Gumularz M.: Ochrona konsumenta a fenomen ?rozszerzonej rzeczywistości? ? nowe wyzwania polityki prawa, Transformacje Prawa Prywatnego 2013, nr 3, s. 39.
Howells G.: European Contract Law Reform and the European Consumer Law ? Two Related But Distinct Regimes, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 179?180.
Lurger B.: Consumer Law ? Forerunner for or Part of a European Contract Law Code? The Case of Austrian Consumer Law (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 213.
Lurger B.: The ?Social? SIde of Contract Law and the New Principle of Regard and Fairness (w:) Towards a European Civil Code, eds. A. Hartkamp i in., Nijmegen 2011, s. 353.
Łętowska E.: Kodeks cywilny a prawo konsumenckie, Monitor Prawniczy 2007, nr 14 (dodatek), s. 9.
Mak V.: The Consumer in European regulatory Private Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 389.
Micklitz H.: Codification Mania and the Changing Nation State: A European Perspective (w:) Codifying Contract Law. International and Consumer Perspective, eds. M. Keyes, T. Wilson, Ashgate 2014, s. 84?87, 103?105.
Micklitz H.: The Consumer: Marketised, Fragmentised, Constitutionalised (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 25.
Pisuliński J.: Prawo konsumenckie w systemie prawa cywilnego (w:) Czterdzieści lat kodeksu cywilnego. Materiały z Ogólnopolskiego Zjazdu Cywilistów w Rzeszowie (8?10 października 2004 r.), pod red. M. Sawczuka, Kraków 2006, s. 171?187.
Radwański Z.: Główne założenia projektu Kodeksu cywilnego, Monitor Prawniczy 2007, nr 14 (dodatek), s. 3.
Reich N., Micklitz H., Rott P.,Tonner K.: European Consumer Law, Intersentia 2014, s. 45.
Reich N.: Vulnerable Consumers in EU Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 25.
Rochfeld J.: La place du Code de la consommation en droit contractuel francais (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 203.
Terryn E.: ?Consumer, by Definition, Include Us All? ? But Not for Every Transaction, European Review of Private Law 2016, s. 271.
Tichy L.: Verbrauchervertragsrecht im tschechischen Recht (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 254.
Vannerom J.: Consumer Notion: Natural or Legal Persons and Mixed Contracts (w:) Landmark Cases of EU Consumer Law in Honour of Jules Stuyck, eds. E. Terryn i in, Intersentia 2013, s. 57.
Wilhelmsson T.: The Average European Consumer ? A Legal Fiction? (w:) Private law and the many cultures of Europe, ed. T. Wilhelmsson, The Hague 2007, s. 244.
Zimmermann R.: The German law of obligations, Oxford 2005, s. 161.
s. 219.
Antoniolli L.: The Italian Consumer Code: a Milestone or a Monument? (w:) The future of European Contract Law, ed. K. Boele-Woelki, Kluwer 2007, s. 214?215.
Augenhofer S.: A European Civil Code ? for Whom and What Should it Include? Reflections on the Scope of Application of a Future European Legal Instrument, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 203?205.
Beale H.: A Common European Sales Law (CESL) for Business-to-Business Contracts (w:) The Making of European Private Law: Why. How, What, Who, ed. L. Moccia, Munich 2013, s. 68.
Cherednychenko O.: Public regulation, Contract Law, and the Protection of the Weaker Party: Some Lessons from the Field of Financial Services, European Review of Private Law 2014, nr 5, s. 665?668.
Cristas A.: Green Paper on Policy Options for Progress Towards a European Contract Law for Consumers and Businesses. What do we want?, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 329?332.
de Vries S.: The Court of Justice?s ?Paradigm Consumer? in EU Free Movement Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 408?413.
Grosheide F.: Reflections on the Protection of the Weak Party in Dutch and the EU Contract Law (w:) The future of European Contract Law The future of European Contract Law, ed. K. Boele-Woelki, Kluwer 2007.
Grundmann S.: European Contract Law(s) of What Colour, European Review of Contract Law 2005, s. 184.
Grundmann S.: Targeted Consumer Protection (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 226.
Grundmann (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 16?17.
Gumularz M.: Ochrona konsumenta a fenomen ?rozszerzonej rzeczywistości? ? nowe wyzwania polityki prawa, Transformacje Prawa Prywatnego 2013, nr 3, s. 39.
Howells G.: European Contract Law Reform and the European Consumer Law ? Two Related But Distinct Regimes, European Review of Contract Law 2011, nr 2, s. 179?180.
Lurger B.: Consumer Law ? Forerunner for or Part of a European Contract Law Code? The Case of Austrian Consumer Law (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 213.
Lurger B.: The ?Social? SIde of Contract Law and the New Principle of Regard and Fairness (w:) Towards a European Civil Code, eds. A. Hartkamp i in., Nijmegen 2011, s. 353.
Łętowska E.: Kodeks cywilny a prawo konsumenckie, Monitor Prawniczy 2007, nr 14 (dodatek), s. 9.
Mak V.: The Consumer in European regulatory Private Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 389.
Micklitz H.: Codification Mania and the Changing Nation State: A European Perspective (w:) Codifying Contract Law. International and Consumer Perspective, eds. M. Keyes, T. Wilson, Ashgate 2014, s. 84?87, 103?105.
Micklitz H.: The Consumer: Marketised, Fragmentised, Constitutionalised (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 25.
Pisuliński J.: Prawo konsumenckie w systemie prawa cywilnego (w:) Czterdzieści lat kodeksu cywilnego. Materiały z Ogólnopolskiego Zjazdu Cywilistów w Rzeszowie (8?10 października 2004 r.), pod red. M. Sawczuka, Kraków 2006, s. 171?187.
Radwański Z.: Główne założenia projektu Kodeksu cywilnego, Monitor Prawniczy 2007, nr 14 (dodatek), s. 3.
Reich N., Micklitz H., Rott P.,Tonner K.: European Consumer Law, Intersentia 2014, s. 45.
Reich N.: Vulnerable Consumers in EU Law (w:) The Images of the Consumer in the EU Law, Legislation, Free Movement and Competition Law, Oxford?Portland 2016, s. 25.
Rochfeld J.: La place du Code de la consommation en droit contractuel francais (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 203.
Terryn E.: ?Consumer, by Definition, Include Us All? ? But Not for Every Transaction, European Review of Private Law 2016, s. 271.
Tichy L.: Verbrauchervertragsrecht im tschechischen Recht (w:) The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law, eds. S. Grundmann, M. Schauer, Kluwer 2007, s. 254.
Vannerom J.: Consumer Notion: Natural or Legal Persons and Mixed Contracts (w:) Landmark Cases of EU Consumer Law in Honour of Jules Stuyck, eds. E. Terryn i in, Intersentia 2013, s. 57.
Wilhelmsson T.: The Average European Consumer ? A Legal Fiction? (w:) Private law and the many cultures of Europe, ed. T. Wilhelmsson, The Hague 2007, s. 244.
Zimmermann R.: The German law of obligations, Oxford 2005, s. 161.