Abstrakt
Artykuł przedstawia argumentację na rzecz tezy, że rodzaj intuicji eksperckiej, charakteryzujący najwybitniejszych szachistów, muzyków, czy sportowców nie może zaistnieć w niektórych często występujących typach trudnych przypadków prawniczych. Przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy jest specyfika obszaru decyzyjnego, jaki powstaje w sytuacjach prawnie relewantnych, związanych z nowym typem problemu prawniczego, lub wystąpieniem dwóch sprzecznych rozwiązań intuicyjnych o charakterze prawnym i moralnym. Stan ten charakteryzuje się bowiem brakiem dostrzegalnych regularności środowiskowych, które stanowią podstawę do przeprowadzenia treningu przygotowawczego, kształtującego eksperckie umiejętności intuicyjne, zwanego ?celową praktyką? (ang. deliberate practice). Trening ekspercki opiera się na wykorzystywaniu regularności domenowych w celu osiągnięcia określonych efektów kształcenia i z psychologicznego punktu widzenia jest uznawany za element konieczny, choć niekoniecznie wystarczający do uzyskania eksperckiej intuicji. Celowa praktyka może wystąpić wyłącznie w środowisku decyzyjnym odpowiadającym kryteriom wykształcenia zdolności intuicyjnych, czyli takim, które posiada dostrzegalne regularności pozwalające na skonstruowanie wzorców skutecznego działania. O ile w domenie prawa obszary zgodne z powyższą charakterystyką wydają się możliwe do odnalezienia, istnieją równocześnie rodzaje spraw prawniczych, które przez swój stopień wyjątkowości wymykają się możliwościom prawniczej intuicji eksperckiej.
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36. Haidt J., The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment, ?Psychological review? 2001, nr 108(4), s. 814-834; DOI: https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814.
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