Abstrakt
The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) was adopted in order to provide uniform rules governing the international sale of goods. It has already been ratified by an impressive number of 92 Contracting States, with the major trading countries taking the lead. The CISG applies to contracts for the sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States, where the States are CISG Contracting States (Article 1(1)(a)). Moreover, it applies to contracts for the sale of goods when the contracting parties have their places of business in different States and when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a CISG Contracting State (Article 1(1)(b)). However, at the time of ratification, the prospective Contracting States are given the possibility of making additional reservations, including one set out in Article 95 CISG, which limits the application of Article 1(1)(b) of the Convention. Although there are some CISG Contracting States that initially applied the reservation but have since withdrawn it, there are still a few Contracting States where the reservation remains[1], including the two largest trading countries ? China and the United States. The paper presents various approaches regarding the interpretation of the effects of the reservation set out in Article 95 CISG, which in fact challenge the principle of the uniform interpretation and application of the Convention?s provisions. The author argues that the Article 95 CISG reservation leads to increased confusion and problematic conflict of law issues that bring more chaos than benefits.
[1] The remaining Article 95 CISG Reservatory States are: Armenia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Slovakia and the United States of America. Information is based on the official website: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=X-10&chapter=10 (accessed: 9.12.2019).
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CASE LAW
China 24 December 2004 CIETAC Arbitration proceeding (Medical equipment case), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/041224c1.html.
China, 20 July 1999, the Supreme Court of the People's Republic of China (Zheng Hong Li Ltd. Hong Kong v. Jill Bert Ltd. Swiss), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/990720c1.html.
Germany 2 July 1993 Appellate Court Düsseldorf (Veneer cutting machine case), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/930702g1.html.
Germany 31 March 2008 Appellate Court Stuttgart (Automobile case), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/080331g1.html.
Italy 12 July 2000 District Court Vigevano (Rheinland Versicherungen v. Atlarex), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/000712i3.html.
Italy 25 February 2004 District Court Padova (Agricultural products case), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/040225i3.html.
Italy 26 November 2002 District Court Rimini (Al Palazzo S.r.l. v. Bernardaud di Limoges S.A.), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/021126i3.html .
Japan, 19 March 1998 Tokyo District Court (Nippon Systemware Kabushikigaisha v. O.), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/980319j1.html.
United States 15 June 2005 Federal District Court [New Jersey] (Valero Marketing v. Greeni Oy), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/050615u1.html.
United States 17 July 2006 Federal District Court [Washington State] (Prime Start Ltd. v. Maher Forest Products Ltd. et al.), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/060717u1.html.
United States 22 February 2011 Federal District Court [Kentucky (Princesse D'Isenbourg et CIE Ltd. v. Kinder Caviar, Inc. and Kinder Caviar, Inc. v. United Airlines, Inc.), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/110222u1.html.
United States 22 November 2002 Federal District Court [Florida] (Impuls v. Psion-Teklogix), available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/021122u1.html.
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